Unsere Rechtsanwaltskanzlei nimmt ihren Ursprung in der zweiten Dekade des 20. Jahrhunderts, als Silvio Marzari Senior (1886-1967) seinen Beruf als Anwalt begann, bevor er Richter wurde und während seiner Karriere die höchsten Ebenen der richterlichen Laufbahn erreichte, die er als Generalstaatsanwalt beim Kassationsgerichtshof beendete.
Die Tradition wurde von Silvio Marzari Junior wiederaufgenommen und weitergeführt, der - auch dank seiner akademischen Erfahrungen, die er sowohl an italienischen als auch an ausländischen Universitäten sammeln konnte - die Kanzlei mit einer vorwiegenden Ausrichtung auf das Zivil- und Handelsrecht neu gegründet hat, wobei das internationale Privat- und Prozessrecht sowie die Regelungen der Europäischen Union und generell die Beziehungen zu anderen Ländern (unter anderem insbesondere zu Deutschland, Österreich, der Schweiz, Großbritannien, den Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika, Brasilien und anderen lateinamerikanischen Ländern, des Weiteren zu fernöstlichen Ländern mit besonderem Augenmerk auf China und andere Länder Südostasiens) weitere Schwerpunkte darstellen. Das Ergebnis ist eine solide Gruppe von Anwälten, durch die es gelungen ist, die spezialisierte und fachspezifische Tätigkeit der Kanzlei auf integrierte Weise zu erweitern.
Insbesondere ist unter anderem Avvocato Dr. Maria Gabriella Maggiora als anerkannte und akkurate Expertin des Verwaltungsrechts und seiner diversen Aspekte eine Bezugsperson für wichtige öffentlich-wirtschaftliche Behörden.
Avvocato Dr. Roberto Nicolini ist anerkannt für seine Fähigkeiten im Bereich der wirtschaftlichen, kommerziellen und allgemein unternehmerischen Beziehungen mit dem Ausland, insbesondere mit Deutschland.
Avvocato Dr. Stefania Gioco ist ebenfalls Expertin für die Beziehungen zum deutschsprachigen Raum und generell zum Ausland, mit besonderem Augenmerk unter anderem auf Handelsvertreter- und Vertriebsverträge sowie Transportrecht und Schmerzensgeld einschließlich der immateriellen Schäden, auch in ihren länderübergreifenden Aspekten.
Avvocato Dr. Stefania Brugnoli zeichnet sich als erfahrene Prozess-Anwältin insbesondere für Zivilverfahren aus, sowie als Expertin für die diversen Aspekte des Zivil- und Handelsrechts sowie des Verwaltungsrechts.
Avvocato Dr. Stefano Carrara ist bekannt für seine Effizienz in den komplexen Fachgebieten des Arbeitsrechts und des Immobilienrechts, einschließlich des Mietrechts.
Avvocato Dr. Alessio Albertini befasst sich abgesehen von Rechtsstreitigkeiten im Bankwesen und mit Immobilien-Vollstreckungen auch mit Erbschaftsangelegenheiten.
Die Anwälte der Kanzlei, die fast alle auch im Ausland ausgebildet wurden, sind größtenteils - zusätzlich zur italienischen Sprache - auch fließend auf Englisch und Deutsch tätig, mit besonderer Ausrichtung auf grenzüberschreitende Tätigkeiten in den verschiedenen Bereichen des Zivil- und Handelsrechts, darunter gesellschaftsrechtliche Angelegenheiten inklusive der Akquisitionen und Fusionen, grenzüberschreitende Erbnachfolgen von Todes wegen, geistiges Eigentum, Vertragswesen inklusive der Liefer-, Vertriebs- und Franchise-Verträge, sowie Handelsvertreter- und Beförderungsverträge, Immobilien-Angelegenheiten, Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit, Insolvenz- und andere Konkursverfahren.
Dies hat dazu geführt, dass die Kanzlei zu einem Bezugspunkt für bedeutende italienische Unternehmen bei ihren Firmengründungen und Rechtsstreitigkeiten im Ausland geworden ist, aber auch für zahlreiche ausländische, vor allem deutsche Unternehmen, die in unserem Territorium präsent sind.
Der andere Tätigkeitsbereich, dem ein spezifischer Sektor der Kanzlei gewidmet ist, die auch in diesem Zusammenhang einen ausgezeichneten Ruf genießt, betrifft das Verwaltungsrecht in verschiedenen Bereichen (wie etwa das Bauwesen, die Stadtplanung, die Enteignung für gemeinnützige Zwecke, das öffentliches Auftragswesen, auch auf europäischer Ebene, den Fachbereich des Handels und generell das öffentliche Wirtschaftsrecht usw., mit den damit verbundenen Rechtsstreitigkeiten auch vor den Regionalen Verwaltungsgerichten, dem Obersten Verwaltungsgericht und dem Rechnungshof).
Die Kanzlei verfügt über ein Netzwerk von Korrespondenzanwälten in Italien und in allen wichtigen europäischen Ländern sowie in den Vereinigten Staaten, Brasilien und im Mittleren und Fernen Osten.
As a lawyer, I deal with various aspects of civil and commercial law, which you can learn about in my social media profile.
But as a private citizen and consumer, I am like many a traveller and tourist. Holiday time is approaching, and so it is good to remind you of some rights to which we are all entitled, as reaffirmed by case law in recent decisions.
If your luggage is delivered to you late after a flight, you are entitled to reimbursement of the expenses you incurred to purchase essential goods. Proof of the indispensability of the purchased goods can be provided by a travelling companion, as a witness to the event. This is the decision of the Court of Cassation, which decided a case crystal clear last February 2023.
But even more frequent is the case of cancellation of a flight, due to a strike: airlines invoke this as an exceptional case, in order to evade their obligations to reimburse travellers, provided for by European regulations.
In a ruling last February, no. 4261, the Italian Court of Cassation, in a case of cancellation due to a strike by air traffic controllers, established that this exemption exists, only if there is no room for the adoption of measures, sufficient to neutralise or minimise the sacrifices imposed on the users concerned.
It is therefore not sufficient to state in general and abstract terms, that an air traffic controllers' strike is an 'exceptional circumstance', that exempts an airline from the duty to pay compensation to its travellers.
Let's hope your holiday travels will be smooth, but keep in mind that there are European rules that protect all of us travellers.
Come avvocato mi occupo di vari aspetti del diritto civile e commerciale, dei quali potete apprendere nel mio profilo sui social.
Ma come privato cittadino e consumatore, sono anche io, come moltissimi, un viaggiatore e un turista. Si avvicina il tempo delle vacanze ed allora è bene ricordare alcuni diritti che spettano a tutti noi, come sono stati ribaditi dalla giurisprudenza in recenti decisioni.
Se vi consegnano in ritardo il bagaglio dopo un volo, avete diritto al rimborso delle spese, che avete sostenuto per acquistare beni di prima necessità. La prova della indispensabilità dei beni acquistati può essere data da un vostro compagno di viaggio, quale testimone della vicenda. Così afferma la decisione della Corte di Cassazione, che lo scorso febbraio 2023 ha deciso in modo cristallino un caso come questo.
Ma ancora più frequente è il caso di cancellazione di un volo per sciopero: le compagnie aeree lo invocano come caso eccezionale, per sottrarsi agli obblighi di rimborso dei viaggiatori, previsti dalle normative europee.
Con una sentenza dello scorso febbraio la nr. 4261 la Cassazione, in un caso di annullamento per sciopero dei controllori di volo, ha stabilito che tale esimente c’è solo se non sussista alcun spazio di intervento per l’adozione di misure sufficienti a neutralizzare o comprimere al minimo i sacrifici imposti all’utenza interessata.
Non è sufficiente quindi affermare in via generale ed astratta, che uno sciopero dei controllori di volo sia ‘circostanza eccezionale,’ che esonera la compagnia aerea dal dovere di corrispondere la compensazione pecuniaria ai propri viaggiatori.
Speriamo i vostri viaggi di vacanze siano senza intoppi, ma teniamo presente che ci sono regole europee, che tutelano tutti noi viaggiatori.
Con un po' di ritardo rispetto al termine previsto, ma dall’inizio di quest’anno, anche in Italia come in tutta la Unione Europea ci sono maggiori tutele per i consumatori. La normativa di riferimento è la direttiva U°E 2161 del 2019.
Quali consumatori ma anche quali imprese e i professionisti che vendono i beni o danno i servizi ai consumatori, c’è da tener presente che:
a) Il termine di 14 giorni per esercitare il recesso in caso di contratti “a distanza” è esteso a 30 giorni. Tra l’altro è possibile rinunciare a questo diritto, ma deve essere fatto in modo molto chiaro ed esplicito.
b) Per vendite straordinarie, saldi e sconti, anche e soprattutto online, deve essere indicato anche il prezzo più basso praticato nei 30 giorni precedenti.
Imprese e professionisti, oltre a quanto sopra, devono tener presente che:
c) sono stati introdotti nuovi casi di pratiche commerciali scorrette e sono stati ampliati i casi di clausole “abusive”, che non saranno più valide, anche se approvate dai consumatori al momento della firma del contratto, apponendo la loro doppia firma.
Professionisti e imprese dovranno perciò rivedere le proprie prassi e soprattutto le proprie condizioni generali di vendita, anche online. Va detto infatti che anche il solo utilizzo di clausole abusive espone a pesanti sanzioni.
d) Le sanzioni irrogate dall’autorità garante della concorrenza e del mercato sono state aumentate, in particolare, in caso di mancato rispetto dei provvedimenti della stessa autorità.
Interessante novità è che imprese e professionisti hanno la facoltà di interpellare l’Autorità Garante della Concorrenza, con riferimento alle clausole contrattuali che intendono predisporre nei contratti con i consumatori
Come consumatori possiamo comprare con maggiore tranquillità; come imprese e professionisti dobbiamo avere maggiore consapevolezza di ciò che è consentito e ciò che non lo è, nei rapporti con i consumatori finali.
Somewhat later than planned, but since the beginning of this year, there are more consumer protections in Italy as well as throughout the European Union. The reference legislation is EU Directive 2161 of 2019.
As consumers but also as businesses and professionals, who sell goods or give services to consumers, it should be noted that:
(a) The 14-day period for exercising withdrawal in the case of 'distance' contracts is extended to 30 days. Among other things, it is possible to waive this right, but it must be done very explicitly.
b) For extraordinary sales, sales and discounts, also and especially online, the previous 30 days' lower price must also be clearly indicated.
Companies and professionals, in addition to the above, must bear in mind that:
(c) new cases of unfair commercial practices have been introduced and the cases of 'abusive' clauses have been extended. They will no longer be valid, even if approved by consumers at the time of signing the contract, and even if they have been double-signed.
Professionals and companies will therefore have to review their policies and especially their general terms and conditions of sale, including online. Indeed, it must be said that even the mere use of abusive clauses exposes them to heavy penalties.
d) The sanctions imposed by the Competition and Market Authority have been increased, in particular, in the event of non-compliance with the measures of the same authority.
An interesting new provision is that businesses and professionals have the right to apply to the Competition Authority with regard to the contractual clauses they wish to include in consumer contracts
As consumers we can buy with greater confidence, as businesses and professionals we must be more aware of what is allowed and what is not allowed, in dealings with consumers.
Text messages, whatsapp voicemails and written messages, as well as those from various other social networks are recorded on our mobile phones. The same mobile phones - like personal computers or other devices - can effortlessly be used to make recordings of phone calls, video calls or meetings.
In my work, I am frequently asked the question whether doing so is lawful and whether it can count as evidence.
The answer is unfortunately not unequivocal, both because the legislation has not been updated to take these new tools into account and because the courts give different decisions in different cases. It is really difficult to get one's bearings.
In an ongoing civil trial, I was able to use as evidence the whatsapp messages exchanged by my client with the opposing party, because the opposing lawyer did not dispute them in time.
The Criminal Court of Cassation, however, in a recent judgment, confirming previous rulings, established that "...whatsApp messages and text messages stored in the memory of a mobile phone are in the nature of documents within the meaning of Article 234 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, and their acquisition by mere photographic reproduction is legitimate...".
Despite this, many judges, applying other rules, say that each judge can freely evaluate them.
Not to mention the privacy aspects. Because recording a conversation - especially relating to a work or business relationship - may also be considered valid evidence by the judge in a trial, but it could still constitute a violation of the GDPR and thus expose whoever makes the recording to significant fines. On this point, the Italian Privacy Authority would be inclined to allow it, but judges often think otherwise.
In conclusion, anyone who intentionally or social messaging captures audio or photographic messages, in any format, should ask their lawyer for an opinion on the individual case in order to make the best use of it.
This is a subject that was much talked about with Legislative Decree No. 14 of 2019, i.e. the new Code of Business Crisis and Insolvency, at the time of the introduction of the relevant law, which only partially came into force in the same year.
But now there is something new.
As of 15 July 2022, company directors are obliged to equip themselves with tools to prevent and resolve any signs of danger to the company's continuity, in essence to prevent a possible business crisis.
Already since 2019, the new Article 2086 of the Civil Code provided that 'the entrepreneur has the duty to set up an organisational, administrative and accounting structure appropriate to the nature and size of the business, also with a view to the timely detection of the crisis of the business and the loss of business continuity, as well as to take action without delay for the adoption and implementation of one of the instruments provided by the law for overcoming the crisis and the recovery of business continuity'.
Since 15 July, these instruments must objectively achieve specific results and in particular
- ascertain any imbalances of a financial or economic nature;
- verify the sustainability of debts and the prospects of business continuity for at least the next 12 months ;
- obtain the information needed for the check list on the possible pursuit of reorganisation, provided for by the same law.
Specifically, short-term payroll and social security debts, debts to suppliers and to banks and other financial intermediaries, and finally tax debts must be constantly monitored.
The consequence of the entrepreneur's non-performance is an increase in his liability, but above all the loss of the exclusion of his liability in the case of an LLC or joint-stock company.
Those who had taken action in 2019 must therefore now supplement the work done; those who have not yet done so, must equip themselves as soon as possible with these organisational and compliance tools.
In order to ensure greater transparency and legality in the economic system, there is a need to identify who are the beneficial owners of companies and other entities, such as foundations, trusts and associations. Above all, there is a need to combat organised crime, money laundering, but also those who commit other serious crimes, such as terrorism. The Register of Beneficial Owners has been introduced also in Italy, the founding regulation of which came into force a few weeks ago on 9.6.2022
All these subjects will have to give the necessary information to the chambers of commerce by electronically sending a self-declaration. All subsequent changes to the beneficial owner must also be reported.
The data of the person in question, his share in the company and the powers concretely exercised must be communicated, for legal persons, whereas the person's tax code and registered office are owed for other entities.
The sanctions for non-compliance are currently limited, but it is well possible that they will be reconsidered over time, to make the rule more effective.
A privacy issue arises, however, regarding the accessibility of data. First of all, the authorities and those obliged to verify actual ownership, such as lawyers, insurance companies and banks, will have free access, albeit regulated by special agreement with the chamber of commerce. But third parties may also request to have a whole set of information, i.e. the surname, month and year of birth, country of residence and citizenship of the beneficial owner and how he qualifies as such. At least in the latter case, however, the beneficial owner may object to the disclosure of the data, although it is not a judge but the chamber of commerce that will actually decide.
This is therefore an important but also delicate instrument; it will be important to see how it is used in practice in the first months of the Register's validity and also to understand how it can be used by everyone, especially businesses and professionals .
Quali consumatori europei ci sarà utile imparare questa nuova sigla: GPSR, che significa Regolamento generale “per la sicurezza dei prodotti”. Ci è utile perché introduce maggiori tutele in tutta l’Unione Europea per i consumatori.
Alcune regole ci sono già, ma risalgono al 2001 e devono perciò essere adattate alla luce dei grandi cambiamenti occorsi anche nel commercio, in particolare con l’affermazione del commercio online.
Vale anche e soprattutto per i venditori online di prodotti: tra gli aspetti che più ci toccano come consumatori, la rimozione dalla vendita dei prodotti che risultino pericolosi entro 2 giorni dal ricevimento di ordini dell’autorità, ma anche il dover evadere entro 3 giorni eventuali segnalazioni dei consumatori.
Per i prodotti già venduti e che vengono richiamati dal venditore/produttore abbiamo il diritto alla sostituzione o al rimborso.
Sarà obbligatorio indicare i riferimenti di contatto del produttore, affinchè il consumatore possa facilmente comunicare le proprie richieste.
Anche per i prodotti provenienti al di fuori dell’UE dovrà essere reso noto sin dal momento dell’acquisto un soggetto responsabile, nei confronti del quale far valere i propri diritti.
Il GPSR entrerà in vigore a fine del 2024, ma possiamo confidare che molte imprese inizino già da subito ad adeguarsi ad esso.
Ed a corollario di questo, la notizia che se inavvertitamente firmiamo clausole contrattuali “abusive” durante un acquisto, anche online, abbiamo ancora più tempo per opporci ad esse. Lo ha detto la Corte di Cassazione con una sentenza del 6 aprile 2023, ma magari su questo vi racconterò di più la prossima volta.
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Avvocato Dr. SILVIO MARZARI Telefon: +39 045 8031311 E-Mail: Diese E-Mail-Adresse ist vor Spambots geschützt! Zur Anzeige muss JavaScript eingeschaltet sein! Neugründer der Anwaltskanzlei, emeritiert. Er…Read More
Avvocato Dr. MARIA GABRIELLA MAGGIORA Telefon: +39 045 8036690 E-Mail: Diese E-Mail-Adresse ist vor Spambots geschützt! Zur Anzeige muss JavaScript eingeschaltet sein! Sie hat ihr Studium…Read More
Avvocato Dr. ROBERTO NICOLINI Telefon: +39 045 8031931 E-Mail: Diese E-Mail-Adresse ist vor Spambots geschützt! Zur Anzeige muss JavaScript eingeschaltet sein! Avvocato Dr. Roberto Nicolini, Absolvent…Read More
Avvocato Dr. STEFANIA GIOCO Telefon: +39 045 8035212 E-Mail: Diese E-Mail-Adresse ist vor Spambots geschützt! Zur Anzeige muss JavaScript eingeschaltet sein! Rechtsanwältin Stefania Gioco, Absolventin der…Read More
Avvocato Dr. STEFANIA BRUGNOLI Telefon: +39 045 8030321 E-Mail: Diese E-Mail-Adresse ist vor Spambots geschützt! Zur Anzeige muss JavaScript eingeschaltet sein! Studienabschluss mit Auszeichnung im Jahr…Read More
Avvocato Dr. ALESSIO ALBERTINI Telefon: +39-045-8019722 E-Mail: Diese E-Mail-Adresse ist vor Spambots geschützt! Zur Anzeige muss JavaScript eingeschaltet sein! Er schloss 2006 sein Studium der Rechtswissenschaften…Read More
